检索范围:
排序: 展示方式:
GROUNDWATER DEPLETION IN THE NORTH CHINA PLAIN: THE AGROHYDROLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2021年 第8卷 第4期 页码 594-598 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE -2021407
Agricultural production in the North China Plain with rainfall of less than 500 mm·yr−1 has been steadily increasing over the past 40 years, with the groundwater levels decreasing at a rate of over 1 m·yr−1. In this paper, it is demonstrated theoretically that the water level in the aquifer can be expressed as a function of agricultural production and the sum of water added as rainfall and imported from outside the basin. Therefore, the most effective measures to halt groundwater depletion are importing water, decreasing cropping intensity and growing less thirsty crops. Irrigation improvements, mulching and agronomic measures that could increase the yield per unit area have less of an impact on solving the declining groundwater levels.
《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2021年 第8卷 第1期
• Degree of integration of crop and livestock was insufficient on mixed smallholdings.
• Liquid manure discharges on industrial farms hamper the closing of nutrient loops.
• Coupling with local crop farms is encouraged to achieve integration of crop-livestock systems.
The proportion of industrial livestock in China has increased over the past 30 years, which increases animal performance but causes the decoupling of crop and livestock production. Here, we aimed to quantify nutrient flows, nutrient use efficiency, and nutrient losses in different livestock systems in the North China Plain based on the NUFER-farm model. Activity data were collected by face-to-face surveys on pig and dairy (41 livestock farms) during 2016–2018. The two systems included industrial farms and mixed smallholdings. In mixed smallholdings, 4.0% and 9.6% of pig and dairy feed dry matter (DM) were derived from household farmland, but 4.8% and 9.3% of manure DM recycled to household farmland. Nutrient use efficiency in industrial farms was higher than in mixed smallholdings at animal level, herd level, and system level. To produce 1 kg N and P in animal products, nutrient losses in industrial pig farms (2.0 kg N and 1.3 kg P) were lower than in mixed pig smallholdings, nutrient losses in industrial dairy farms (2.7 kg N and 2.2 kg P) were slightly higher than in mixed dairy smallholdings. Liquid manure discharge in industrial farms was the main losses pathway in contrast to mixed smallholdings. This study suggests that feed localization can reduce nutrient surpluses at the district level. It is necessary to improve manure management and increase the degree of integrated crop-livestock in smallholdings. In industrial farms, it is desirable to increase the liquid manure recycling ratio through cooperating livestock and crop production at the district level.
Jingjing WANG,Feng HUANG,Baoguo LI
《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2015年 第2卷 第4期 页码 295-310 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2015074
关键词: AquaCrop summer maize soil water balance water productivity
Xiying ZHANG,Wenli QIN,Juanna XIE
《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2016年 第3卷 第1期 页码 25-33 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016090
关键词: harvest index cultivar selection deficit irrigation root water uptake straw mulching
《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2022年 第9卷 第2期 页码 295-308 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021434
Since the Green Revolution cropping systems have been progressively homogenized and intensified with increasing rates of inputs such as fertilizers, pesticides and water. This has resulted in higher crop productivity but also a high environmental burden due to increased pollution and water depletion. To identify opportunities for increasing the productivity and reducing the environmental impact of cropping systems, it is crucial to assess the associated trade-offs. The paper presents a model-based analysis of how 30 different crop rotations practiced in the North China Plain could be combined at the regional level to overcome trade-offs between indicators of economic, food security, and environmental performance. The model uses evolutionary multi-objective optimization to maximize revenues, livestock products, dietary and vitamin C yield, and to minimize the decline of the groundwater table. The modeling revealed substantial trade-offs between objectives of maximizing productivity and profitability versus minimizing ground water decline, and between production of livestock products and vitamin C yield. Six strategies each defining a specific combination of cropping systems and contributing to different extents to the various objectives were identified. Implementation of these six strategies could be used to find opportunities to mitigate the trade-offs between objectives. It was concluded that a holistic analysis of the potential of a diversity cropping systems at a regional level is needed to find integrative solutions for challenges due to conflicting objectives for food production, economic viability and environmental protection.
关键词: crop rotation / food security / multi-objective optimization / water use
《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2023年 第17卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1673-5
● The performance and costs of 20 municipal WWTPs were analyzed.
关键词: Low temperature Municipal WWTPs Cold region Electricity consumption Nitrogen removal
Estimation of environmental effects of photovoltaic generation in North-west China
Mengjia REN, Anastasia SHCHERBAKOVA
《能源前沿(英文)》 2013年 第7卷 第4期 页码 535-543 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0280-8
关键词: photovoltaic (PV) emission reduction North-west China marginal generator
Xuying WANG, Bin ZHANG
《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2016年 第10卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-016-0840-3
关键词: Haze Aerosol radiative effects Convective precipitation
Perceived resource support for chronic illnesses among diabetics in north-western China
null
《医学前沿(英文)》 2016年 第10卷 第2期 页码 219-227 doi: 10.1007/s11684-016-0441-3
A high level of social support can improve long-term diabetes self-management. Support from a single source has been evaluated. This study aims to analyze support from multiple and multilevel sources for diabetic patients by using the Chronic Illness Resources Survey (CIRS). Factors influencing the utilization of the CIRS were also evaluated. A total of 297 patients with diabetes were investigated using the CIRS and Perceived Diabetes Self-management Scale in Shihezi City, China. Descriptive statistics were used to explain demographic variables and scores of the scales. Factors affecting the utilization of chronic illness resources were determined through univariate analysis and then examined by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Of the 297 diabetic patients surveyed, 67% failed to reach the standard (more than 3 points) of utilizing chronic illness resources. Moreover, utilization of chronic illness resources was positively moderately correlated with self-management of diabetes (r = 0.75, P <0.05). According to the multivariate logistic regression analysis, age (OR, 3.42; 95%CI, 1.19–9.84) and monthly income (OR, 5.27; 95%CI, 1.86–14.90) were significantly positively associated with the CIRS score. Individuals with high school (OR, 2.61; 95%CI, 1.13–6.05) and college (OR, 3.02; 95%CI, 1.13–8.04) degrees obtained higher scores in the survey than those with elementary school education. Results indicated that utilization of resources and support for chronic illness self-management, particularly personal adjustment and organization, were not ideal among diabetics in the communities of north-western China. Improved utilization of chronic illness resources was conducive for proper diabetes self-management. Furthermore, the level of utilization of chronic illness resources increased with age, literacy level, and monthly income.
关键词: chronic illness resources survey diabetes community north-western China
潘家铮
《中国工程科学》 2000年 第2卷 第10期 页码 26-32
根据我国的水资源状况及可持续发展的需要,从水量丰富的长江流域引水北上的南水北调工程是势在必行和可以做到的。南水北调的原则应是:建立节水型社会,以供定需;合理配置,注意挖潜;东线、中线相辅相成,并非有我无他;编制概算实事求是,力戒“上马概算”;局部利益服从整体利益,暂时利益服从长远利益;坚持水资源统一管理,科学调配,有偿使用;西南调水不现实,宜暂缓。
PM2.5 over North China based on MODIS AOD and effect of meteorological elements during 2003‒2015
Youfang Chen, Yimin Zhou, Xinyi Zhao
《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2020年 第14卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1202-8
关键词: Aerosol optical depth PM2.5 MODIS Mixed effect model Canonical correlation analysis
Marco ROELCKE, Lisa HEIMANN, Yong HOU, Jianbin GUO, Qiaoyun XUE, Wei JIA, Anne OSTERMANN, Roxana Mendoza HUAITALLA, Moritz ENGBERS, Clemens OLBRICH, Roland W. SCHOLZ, Joachim CLEMENS, Frank SCHUCHARDT, Rolf NIEDER, Xuejun LIU, Fusuo ZHANG
《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2019年 第6卷 第4期 页码 388-402 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019286
The Sino-German research collaboration project, “Recycling of organic residues from agricultural and municipal origin in China” (2008–2012), comprising different interdisciplinary research groups, and also German small and medium-sized enterprises, aimed at developing integrated strategies and solutions for the recycling of organic residues in China. In an intensive crop-livestock agricultural region in the Shunyi District of Beijing, five typical cropping systems were investigated. The research was conducted in the form of analyses of phosphorus (P) in soil, plants, animal feed, animal products, manures, mineral and organic fertilizers and the derivation of the corresponding nutrient balances and P flows. The mean annual P balance surplus was 492 kg·ha ·yr P for the vegetable production system, significantly higher ( <0.05) than that for orchards (130 kg·ha ·yr P) and cereal crops (83 kg·ha ·yr P). Plant-available P (Olsen-P) concentrations of topsoils (0–20 cm) had good correlations with the amounts of P applied (from mineral and organic sources). Compared to results from the Second Chinese National Soil Survey of 1981, mean concentrations of available P in soils of 19 plots investigated in Shunyi District increased 10-fold (from 7.3 to 60 mg·kg ) from 1981 to 2009. On average, the critical limit for Olsen-P concentrations (>30 mg·kg ) that can lead to increased risk of P loss was exceeded in all five cropping systems. With feed additives, the “natural background value” (Chinese Environmental Quality Standard for Soils) of copper and zinc in topsoils was exceeded at several sites. Screening for several substances in the veterinary antibiotic classes of sulfonamides, tetracyclines, and fluoroquinolones revealed widespread topsoil contamination. Calculated livestock densities were 10.6 livestock units per ha arable land in 2007. Animal husbandry is increasingly conducted in large operations, making traditional ways of reuse difficult to apply. Comparing three management systems for treatment of organic residues from a pig farm via aerobic (composting) or anaerobic (biogas) treatment in a life cycle assessment, the resulting cropland demand for a sustainable land application of biogas effluent varied between 139 and 288 ha·yr , well above the cropland area owned by the farm (10 ha). The mismatch problems in the above context between business-as-usual and improving performance are framed and discussed as (1) the mismatch between centralized animal husbandry and smallholder farming, (2) the mismatch between livestock density and cropland, (3) nutrient (including P) recycling and increasing organic matter content versus energy production, (4) subsidies for compost production and biogas, as well as (5) advances in the regulatory framework in China.
关键词: cropping systems life cycle assessment North China Plain balances and nutrient flows transdisciplinary approach
Yifei MA, Ling ZHANG, Zhaohai BAI, Rongfeng JIANG, Yong HOU, Lin MA
《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2021年 第8卷 第1期 页码 58-71 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020371
关键词: industrial farms mixed smallholdings pig dairy nutrient management
Mohammad Reza AZADI KAKAVAND, Ertugrul TACIROGLU
《结构与土木工程前沿(英文)》 2020年 第14卷 第6期 页码 1531-1544 doi: 10.1007/s11709-020-0675-7
关键词: damage plasticity model plain concrete cyclic loading multiaxial loading conditions
Zulkarnain ABBAS, Yong LI, Ruzhu WANG
《能源前沿(英文)》 2021年 第15卷 第2期 页码 328-344 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0676-1
关键词: seasonal cold energy storage borehole heat exchangers typical meteorological data TRNSYS condenser cooling techno-economic assessment
标题 作者 时间 类型 操作
NUTRIENT USE EFFICIENCY AND LOSSES OF INDUSTRIAL FARMS AND MIXED SMALLHOLDINGS: LESSONS FROM THE NORTHCHINA PLAIN
期刊论文
Quantitative analysis of yield and soil water balance for summer maize on the piedmont of the North ChinaPlain using AquaCrop
Jingjing WANG,Feng HUANG,Baoguo LI
期刊论文
Improving water use efficiency in grain production of winter wheat and summer maize in the North ChinaPlain: a review
Xiying ZHANG,Wenli QIN,Juanna XIE
期刊论文
TRADE-OFFS IN THE DESIGN OF SUSTAINABLE CROPPING SYSTEMS AT A REGIONAL LEVEL: A CASE STUDY ON THE NORTHCHINA PLAIN
期刊论文
Current status of municipal wastewater treatment plants in North-east China: implications for reforming
期刊论文
Estimation of environmental effects of photovoltaic generation in North-west China
Mengjia REN, Anastasia SHCHERBAKOVA
期刊论文
Modeling radiative effects of haze on summer-time convective precipitation over North China: a case study
Xuying WANG, Bin ZHANG
期刊论文
PM2.5 over North China based on MODIS AOD and effect of meteorological elements during 2003‒2015
Youfang Chen, Yimin Zhou, Xinyi Zhao
期刊论文
Phosphorus status, use and recycling in a Chinese peri-urban region with intensive animal husbandry and cropping systems
Marco ROELCKE, Lisa HEIMANN, Yong HOU, Jianbin GUO, Qiaoyun XUE, Wei JIA, Anne OSTERMANN, Roxana Mendoza HUAITALLA, Moritz ENGBERS, Clemens OLBRICH, Roland W. SCHOLZ, Joachim CLEMENS, Frank SCHUCHARDT, Rolf NIEDER, Xuejun LIU, Fusuo ZHANG
期刊论文
NUTRIENT USE EFFICIENCY AND LOSSES OF INDUSTRIAL FARMS AND MIXED SMALLHOLDINGS: LESSONS FROM THE NORTHCHINA PLAIN
Yifei MA, Ling ZHANG, Zhaohai BAI, Rongfeng JIANG, Yong HOU, Lin MA
期刊论文
An enhanced damage plasticity model for predicting the cyclic behavior of plain concrete under multiaxial
Mohammad Reza AZADI KAKAVAND, Ertugrul TACIROGLU
期刊论文